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Driving, flying and trips by bus or rail are a part of
our daily lives. Problems in these areas are often noticed by, and can have an
impact on, a large segment of the population. Emissions from transportation are
responsible for most nitric acids in rain, increasing ground level ozone, a
substantial fraction of fine particulate matter and some persistent organic
pollutants.
The modelling of emissions from transportation sources
requires specially designed emission estimation models and dispersion models.
The emission estimation models take into account the age of the fleet, the mix
of diesel and gasoline powered vehicles and vehicle inspection programs. The
transportation air dispersion models take into account the turbulence created
by the vehicles as they drive along the roadways. Some models can model traffic
signal lights and their impact on traffic flows, contaminant emissions and the
resulting concentrations.
MOBILE - For the emission estimates in Canada,
the current model is MOBILE5C and in the USA, MOBILE6 is used. PART5
- This model is designed for emission estimates of PM10 and SO2 from tail pipes
of automobiles as well as road dust. EDMS - EDMS is a combined
emission/dispersion model for assessing pollutants from civilian and military
airports. CALINE3/4 - CALINE can be used to calculate concentrations
of non-reactive pollutants from highway traffic. CAL3QHC - The
CAL3QHC model can be used for predictions of CO or other inert pollutant
concentrations from motor vehicles on road networks and at roadway
intersections.
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